Enhis ()

ENHIS, ENvironment and Health Information System
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  • Environment and health issues
  • Health effects of the environment
  • Country information
  • Environment and health policy
  • Methods and tools
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  • Cardiovascular diseases

    Cardiovascular diseases, mainly coronary heart disease and stroke, are the main cause of illness and premature death in the world, where they account for 30% of all global deaths in 2005, and in Europe. In the WHO European Region they accounted for over 50% of all deaths in 2002, in the European Union they were about 40% of the total. Cardiovascular diseases are almost equally distributed in men and women.


    The causes of cardiovascular disease (CVDs) are well established and well known. The most important include unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and tobacco use, which are responsible for about 80% of coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease. Other determinants of CVDs are poverty and stress. Outdoor and indoor air pollution are among the environmental determinants of CVDs. These risk factors allow a great potential for prevention.

    For further information about cardiovascular diseases see some reference websites at the bottom of this page.

    ENHIS information

    The indicators below describe pressure, exposure, health effects and action for the disease under scrutiny, with indicators of health effects presented at the top. Indicator-based assessments cover all countries in the WHO European Region and provide information on the environment and health context, the policy relevance and context, as well as suggestions for further monitoring. When available, case studies of health impact assessment (HIA) are also presented.

    Indicator-based assessments

    Chart data

    Database

    HIA case study

    Exposure of children to air pollution (particulate matter) in outdoor air

    X

    X

    X

    Exposure of children to environmental tobacco smoke

    X

    X

    Proportion of children living in homes using solid fuels

    X

    X

    Policies to reduce the exposure of children to environmental tobacco smoke

    X

    Percentage of physically active children and adolescents

    X

    Policies to reduce and prevent excess body weight and obesity in children and adolescents

    X

    Blood lead levels in children

    X

    X


    These indicators contribute to monitoring the health effects of environmental exposures towards the achievement of four priorities goals for the pan-European Region (so called regional priority goals, RPGs) set by the Fourth Ministerial Conference on Environment and Health in 2004, and on which the 53 Member States of WHO/Europe have committed to take action.

    For the definition and other details about each indicator, please read the metadata section within the assessment and read the information on indicator methodology.

    References

    The following WHO and EU websites offer further information about cardiovascular diseases.